Mental Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on College Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study on Social Media

Abstract

Given the limited understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted mental health on college campuses, this paper examines the evolution of the mental health of college students since the onset of the pandemic. We conducted a large-scale study on over 1.2M posts on 173 U.S. college subreddits over 17 months. In particular, we adopted a quasi-experimental approach to examine how the different stages of the pandemic (isolation period, normalization period, and vaccination period) impacted changes in social media discussions of college students. We measured the temporal shifts in the symptomatic mental health expressions and topics of discussion on college subreddits. We find that while the expressions of depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal ideation significantly increased in the isolation period. Interestingly, these expressions gradually subsided in the normalization period, only to resurface in the vaccination period. We also find unique occurrences of discussion across social, academic, health, and COVID-19-induced topics. Our findings reveal that despite the fragility of college students' mental health in the face of crisis, college students show resilience with sufficient time. We discuss the implications of our work in terms of building tools for real-time comprehension of college students' mental health, and in designing timely and tailored mental health support for college students.