The Dilemmas of Moral Autonomy in the Transfer of Human Consciousness to AI

Abstract

This paper examines the dilemmas of moral autonomy in the context of the transfer of human consciousness to AI, focusing on the transhumanist archetype Homo Evolutus. Through comparative analysis, the study explores two distinct paradigms: the secular approach, rooted in Kantian philosophy, which considers that moral autonomy can be preserved through transfer; and the religious perspective (Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox), which argues that the human person is an essential unity of body and soul, making the transfer conceptually impossible. The study highlights three central dilemmas: the authenticity of digital moral reflection, the distribution of responsibility between the biological and digital selves, and the limits of autonomy in human-AI integration. The secular paradigm perpetuates Cartesian dualism, while the theological perspective asserts that consciousness transfer raises fundamental ontological problems that cannot be solved by secular approaches alone. The conclusion emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach that includes theological aspects to clarify what it means to be a moral agent in a technologically altered world.