Choi, Jeongwhan, et al. “Are Graph Transformers Necessary? Efficient Long-Range Message Passing With Fractal Nodes in MPNNs”. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 40, no. 25, Mar. 2026, pp. 20553-61, doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i25.39191.