TY - JOUR AU - Hu, Hanzhang AU - Dey, Debadeepta AU - Hebert, Martial AU - Bagnell, J. Andrew PY - 2019/07/17 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - Learning Anytime Predictions in Neural Networks via Adaptive Loss Balancing JF - Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence JA - AAAI VL - 33 IS - 01 SE - AAAI Technical Track: Machine Learning DO - 10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33013812 UR - https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/4268 SP - 3812-3821 AB - <p>This work considers the trade-off between accuracy and testtime computational cost of deep neural networks (DNNs) via <em>anytime</em> predictions from auxiliary predictions. Specifically, we optimize auxiliary losses jointly in an <em>adaptive</em> weighted sum, where the weights are inversely proportional to average of each loss. Intuitively, this balances the losses to have the same scale. We demonstrate theoretical considerations that motivate this approach from multiple viewpoints, including connecting it to optimizing the geometric mean of the expectation of each loss, an objective that ignores the scale of losses. Experimentally, the adaptive weights induce more competitive anytime predictions on multiple recognition data-sets and models than non-adaptive approaches including weighing all losses equally. In particular, anytime neural networks (ANNs) can achieve the same accuracy faster using adaptive weights on a small network than using static constant weights on a large one. For problems with high performance saturation, we also show a sequence of exponentially deepening ANNs can achieve near-optimal anytime results at any budget, at the cost of a const fraction of extra computation.</p> ER -