BDLF-Qwen3: Enhanced Cross-Architecture Binary Function Similarity Detection Through Binary Dynamic Layer Fusion

Abstract

Binary code analysis is essential for software security across various instruction set architectures. Cross-architecture binary function similarity detection faces significant challenges due to substantial differences in instruction sets and architectural conventions. Existing approaches struggle to capture relationships between code abstraction levels, and lack comprehensive cross-architecture datasets for effective evaluation. Inspired by human cognitive processes of dynamically integrating multi-level information, we propose Binary Dynamic Layer Fusion (BDLF), a novel neural architecture that enhances cross-architecture similarity detection through adaptive layer-wise feature integration. BDLF leverages Qwen3's multilingual code understanding and introduces dynamic weight generation to optimally combine representations from all previous layers. We also construct Cross-Bin, a high quality cross-architecture binary function dataset. BDLF-Qwen3 employs two-stage training: partial fine-tuning with pairwise similarity learning followed by BDLF enhancement with InfoNCE contrastive learning. Experiments demonstrate BDLF-Qwen3 significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving 36-65\% improvement in Recall@10 across diverse CPU architectures.