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Multivariate time series forecasting poses an ongoing challenge across various disciplines. Time series data often exhibit diverse intra-series and inter-series correlations, contributing to intricate and interwoven dependencies that have been the focus of numerous studies. Nevertheless, a significant research gap remains in comprehending the varying inter-series correlations across different time scales among multiple time series, an area that has received limited attention in the literature. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces MSGNet, an advanced deep learning model designed to capture the varying inter-series correlations across multiple time scales using frequency domain analysis and adaptive graph convolution. By leveraging frequency domain analysis, MSGNet effectively extracts salient periodic patterns and decomposes the time series into distinct time scales. The model incorporates a self-attention mechanism to capture intra-series dependencies, while introducing an adaptive mixhop graph convolution layer to autonomously learn diverse inter-series correlations within each time scale. Extensive experiments are conducted on several real-world datasets to showcase the effectiveness of MSGNet. Furthermore, MSGNet possesses the ability to automatically learn explainable multi-scale inter-series correlations, exhibiting strong generalization capabilities even when applied to out-of-distribution samples.

AAAI 2024

MSGNet: Learning Multi-Scale Inter-series Correlations for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting

multi-scale correlations

multivariate forecasting

time-series

technical paper

We are pleased to announce the Thirty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-24), which will be held in Vancouver, British Columbia at the Vancouver Convention Centre – West Building from 20-27 February, 2024.

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. AAAI-24 will feature technical paper presentations, special tracks, invited speakers, workshops, tutorials, poster sessions, senior member presentations, competitions, and exhibit programs, and a range of other activities to be announced.

We expect for AAAI-24 to be an in-person conference – one author of all accepted papers will be expected to present work in person unless there are exceptional circumstances that prevent this.<br><br><br><br>

In order to access the AAAI-24 event page you need to register [here](https://aaai.org/aaai-conference/registration/)

The purpose of the AAAI conference series is to promote research in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and foster scientific exchange between researchers, practitioners, scientists, students, and engineers across the entirety of AI and its affiliated disciplines. 

3D object detection achieves good detection performance in autonomous driving. However, it requires substantial computational resources, which prevents its practical application. 2D object detection has less computational burden but lacks spatial and geometric information embedded in depth. Therefore, we present DALDet, an efficient depth-aware learning based 2D detector, achieving high-performance object detection for autonomous driving. We design an efficient one-stage detection framework and seamlessly integrate depth cues into convolutional neural network by introducing depth-aware convolution and depth-aware average pooling, which effectively improve the detector's ability to perceive 3D space. Moreover, we propose a depth-guided loss function for training DALDet, which effectively improves the localization ability of the detector. Due to the use of depth map, DALDet can also output the distance of the object, which is of great importance for driving applications such as obstacle avoidance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority and efficiency of DALDet. In particular, our DALDet ranks 1st on both KITTI Car and Cyclist 2D detection test leaderboards among all 2D detectors with high efficiency as well as yielding competitive performance among many leading 3D detectors. Code will be available at https://github.com/hukefy/DALDet.

DALDet: Depth-Aware Learning Based Object Detection for Autonomous Driving

Automatic font generation is an imitation task, which aims to create a font library that mimics the style of reference images while preserving the content from source images. Although existing font generation methods have achieved satisfactory performance, they still struggle with complex characters and large style variations. To address these issues, we propose FontDiffuser, a diffusion-based image-to-image one-shot font generation method, which innovatively models the font imitation task as a noise-to-denoise paradigm. In our method, we introduce a Multi-scale Content Aggregation (MCA) block, which effectively combines global and local content cues across different scales, leading to enhanced preservation of intricate strokes of complex characters. Moreover, to better manage the large variations in style transfer, we propose a Style Contrastive Refinement (SCR) module, which is a novel structure for style representation learning. It utilizes a style extractor to disentangle styles from images, subsequently supervising the diffusion model via a meticulously designed style contrastive loss. Extensive experiments demonstrate FontDiffuser's state-of-the-art performance in generating diverse characters and styles. It consistently excels on complex characters and large style changes compared to previous methods. The code is available at https://github.com/yeungchenwa/FontDiffuser.

FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learning

The synthesis of human motion has traditionally been addressed through task-dependent models that focus on specific challenges, such as predicting future motions or filling in intermediate poses conditioned on known key-poses. In this paper, we present a novel task-independent model called UNIMASK-M, which can effectively address these challenges using a unified architecture. Our model obtains comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art in each field. Inspired by Vision Transformers (ViTs), our UNIMASK-M model decomposes a human pose into body parts to leverage the spatio-temporal relationships existing in human motion. Moreover, we reformulate various pose-conditioned motion synthesis tasks as a reconstruction problem with different masking patterns given as input. By explicitly informing our model about the masked joints, our UNIMASK-M becomes more robust to occlusions. Experimental results show that our model successfully forecasts human motion on the Human3.6M dataset while achieving state-of-the-art results in motion inbetweening on the LaFAN1 dataset for long transition periods.

A Unified Masked Autoencoder with Patchified Skeletons for Motion Synthesis

Scribble-based weakly-supervised semantic segmentation using sparse scribble supervision is gaining traction as it reduces annotation costs when compared to fully annotated alternatives. Existing methods primarily generate pseudo-labels by diffusing labeled pixels to unlabeled ones with local cues for supervision. However, this diffusion process fails to exploit global semantics and class-specific cues, which are important for semantic segmentation. In this study, we propose a class-driven scribble promotion network, which utilizes both scribble annotations and pseudo-labels informed by image-level classes and global semantics for supervision. Directly adopting pseudo-labels might misguide the segmentation model, thus we design a localization rectification module to correct foreground representations in the feature space. To further combine the advantages of both supervisions, we also introduce a distance entropy loss for uncertainty reduction, which adapts per-pixel confidence weights according to the reliable region determined by the scribble and pseudo-label's boundary.  Experiments on the ScribbleSup dataset with different qualities of scribble annotations outperform all the previous methods, demonstrating the superiority and robustness of our method. Supplementary materials containing the source code will be made available upon paper acceptance.

Scribble Hides Class: Promoting Scribble-Based Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation with Its Class Label

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial in many real-
world applications. However, intelligent models are often
trained solely on in-distribution (ID) data, leading to over-
confidence when misclassifying OOD data as ID classes. In
this study, we propose a new learning framework which lever-
age simple Jigsaw-based fake OOD data and rich semantic
embeddings (‘anchors’) from the ChatGPT description of ID
knowledge to help guide the training of the image encoder.
The learning framework can be flexibly combined with exist-
ing post-hoc approaches to OOD detection, and extensive em-
pirical evaluations on multiple OOD detection benchmarks
demonstrate that rich textual representation of ID knowledge
and fake OOD knowledge can well help train a visual encoder
for OOD detection. With the learning framework, new state-
of-the-art performance was achieved on all the benchmarks.
Source code will be released publicly.

TagFog: Textual Anchor Guidance and Fake Outlier Generation for Visual Out-of-Distribution Detection

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) task aims to enable AI agents to accurately understand and follow natural language instructions to navigate through real-world environments, ultimately reaching specific target locations. We recognise a promising opportunity to extend VLN to a comparable navigation task that holds substantial significance in our daily lives, albeit within the virtual realm: navigating websites on the Internet. This paper proposes a new task named Vision-and-Language Navigation on Websites (WebVLN), where we use question-based instructions to train an agent, emulating how users naturally browse websites. Unlike the existing VLN task that only pays attention to vision and instruction (language), the WebVLN agent further considers underlying web-specific content like HTML, which could not be seen on the rendered web pages yet contain rich visual and textual information. Toward this goal, we contribute a dataset, WebVLN-v1, and introduce a novel approach called Website-aware VLN Network (WebVLN-Net), which is built upon the foundation of state-of-the-art VLN techniques. Experimental results show that WebVLN-Net outperforms current VLN and web-related navigation methods. We believe that the introduction of the newWebVLN task and its dataset will establish a new dimension within the VLN domain and contribute to the broader vision-and-language research community. Code is available at: https://github.com/WebVLN/WebVLN.

WebVLN: Vision-and-Language Navigation on Websites

IFL(Image Forgery Location) helps secure digital media forensics.
However, many methods suffer from false detections(i.e., FPs) and inaccurate boundaries. In this paper, we proposed the CatmullRom Splines-based Regression Network(CSR-Net), which first rethinks the IFL task from the perspective of regression to deal with  this problem.
Specifically speaking, we propose an adaptive CutmullRom splines fitting scheme for coarse localization of the tampered regions. Then, for false positive cases, we first develop a novel re-scoring mechanism, which aims to filter out samples that cannot have responses on both the classification branch and the instance branch; second, to further restrict the boundaries, we design a learnable texture extraction module, which refines and enhances the contour representation by decoupling the horizontal and vertical forgery features to extract a more robust contour representation, thus suppressing FPs.
Compared to segmentation-based methods, our method is simple but effective due to the unnecessity of post-processing. Extensive experiments show the superiority of CSR-Net to existing state-of-the-art methods, not only on standard natural image datasets but also on social media datasets. The code will be publicly available soon.

CatmullRom Splines-Based Regression for Image Forgery Localization

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) reduces the need for extensive annotations in deep learning, but the more realistic challenge of imbalanced data distribution in SSL remains largely unexplored. In Class Imbalanced Semi-Supervised Learning (CISSL), the bias introduced by unreliable pseudo-labels can be exacerbated by imbalanced data distributions. Most existing methods address this issue at instance-level through reweighting or resampling, but the performance is heavily limited by their reliance on biased backbone representation. Some other methods do perform feature-level adjustments like feature blending but might introduce unfavorable noise. In this paper, we discuss the bonus of a more balanced feature distribution for the CISSL problem, and further propose a Balanced Feature-Level Contrastive Learning method (BaCon). Our method directly regularizes the distribution of instances' representations in a well-designed contrastive manner. Specifically, class-wise feature centers are computed as the positive anchors, while negative anchors are selected by a straightforward yet effective mechanism. A distribution-related temperature adjustment is leveraged to control the class-wise contrastive degrees dynamically. Our method demonstrates its effectiveness through comprehensive experiments on the CIFAR10-LT, CIFAR100-LT, STL10-LT, and SVHN-LT datasets across various settings. For example, BaCon surpasses instance-level method FixMatch-based ABC on CIFAR10-LT with a 1.21% accuracy improvement, and outperforms state-of-the-art feature-level method CoSSL on CIFAR100-LT with a 0.63% accuracy improvement. When encountering more extreme imbalance degree, BaCon also shows better robustness than other methods. Code is available at https://github.com/fqhank/AAAI24-BaCon-CISSL.

BaCon: Boosting Imbalanced Semi-supervised Learning via Balanced Feature-Level Contrastive Learning

The high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) calls for accessible and cost-effective continuous cardiac monitoring tools. Despite Electrocardiography (ECG) being the gold standard, continuous monitoring remains a challenge, leading to the exploration of Photoplethysmography (PPG), a promising but more basic alternative available in consumer wearables. This notion has recently spurred interest in translating PPG to ECG signals. In this work, we introduce Region-Disentangled Diffusion Model (RDDM), a novel diffusion model designed to capture the complex temporal dynamics of ECG. Traditional Diffusion models like Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) face challenges in capturing such nuances due to the indiscriminate noise addition process across the entire signal. Our proposed RDDM overcomes such limitations by incorporating a novel forward process that selectively adds noise to specific regions of interest (ROI) such as QRS complex in ECG signals, and a reverse process that disentangles the denoising of ROI and non-ROI regions. Quantitative experiments demonstrate that RDDM can generate high-fidelity ECG from PPG in as few as 10 diffusion steps, making it highly effective and computationally efficient. Additionally, to rigorously validate the usefulness of the generated ECG signals, we introduce CardioBench, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark for a variety of cardiac-related tasks including heart rate and blood pressure estimation, stress classification,  and the detection of atrial fibrillation and diabetes. Our thorough experiments show that RDDM achieves state-of-the-art performance on CardioBench. To the best of our knowledge, RDDM is the first diffusion model for cross-modal signal-to-signal translation in the bio-signal domain.

Region-Disentangled Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity PPG-to-ECG Translation | VIDEO

Recently, neural module networks (NMNs) have yielded ongoing success in answering compositional visual questions, especially those involving multi-hop visual and logical reasoning. NMNs decompose the complex question into several sub-tasks using instance-modules from the reasoning paths of that question and then exploit intermediate supervisions to guide answer prediction, thereby improving inference interpretability. However, their performance may be hindered due to sketchy modeling of intermediate supervisions. For instance, (1) a prior assumption that each instance-module refers to only one grounded object yet overlooks other potentially associated grounded objects, impeding full cross-modal alignment learning; (2) IoU-based intermediate supervisions may introduce noise signals as the bounding box overlap issue might guide the model's focus towards irrelevant objects. To address these issues, a novel method, Detection-based Intermediate Supervision (DIS), is proposed, which adopts a generative detection framework to facilitate multiple grounding supervisions via sequence generation. As such, DIS offers more comprehensive and accurate intermediate supervisions, thereby boosting answer prediction performance. Furthermore, by considering intermediate results, DIS enhances the consistency in answering compositional questions and their sub-questions. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed DIS, showcasing both improved accuracy and state-of-the-art reasoning consistency compared to prior approaches. The codes are in the supplementary material and will be open-sourced to facilitate future research.

MSGNet: Learning Multi-Scale Inter-series Correlations for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting

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DALDet: Depth-Aware Learning Based Object Detection for Autonomous Driving

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MSGNet: Learning Multi-Scale Inter-series Correlations for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting

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DALDet: Depth-Aware Learning Based Object Detection for Autonomous Driving

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PRESENTATIONS

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COMPANY

RESOURCES

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