Hermes: A Modular Multi-Agent System for Structuring Clinical Text

Abstract

In today's age of information, unstructured information can become overwhelming and difficult to interpret, particularly in safety critical domains such as healthcare where the volume and complexity of unstructured textual notes is required to be interpretable, insightful, and easily automated for processing. This paper introduces Hermes, a modular agentic system that transforms unstructured clinical text into a modified version of the Subjective-Objective-Assessment-Plan (SOAP) format and generates a knowledge graph offering a high-level, distilled view that facilitates downstream clinical reasoning and decision-making. Hermes employs a multi-agent architecture consisting of four specialized components: Hermes-R (report generation), Hermes-G (knowledge graph generation), Hermes-Q (question-answer pair generation), and Hermes-A (answer generation). These agents operate sequentially with validation to generate structured medical information using iterative refinement. Preliminary evaluations on a few samples demonstrate that Hermes is able to generate structured clinical reports and knowledge graphs according to provided specifications from unstructured discharge summaries with good consistency, accuracy, and reward score. Hermes offers a unified framework that advances clinical natural language processing, bridging structured representation, question answering, and semantic validation.